The musculoskeletal system provides support and gives shape to the body. The muscles cover the bones and supply the forces that make movement possible. They also provide a protective covering for internal organs and produce body heat
Anatomical Terms
Word Meaning
- Appendicular skeleton: Bones of shoulder, pelvis and upper and lower extremities
- Axial Skeleton: Bone of skull, chest, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Type of Bones
- Compact bone : Tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
- Long bones : bones of arms and legs
- Short bones: :bones of wrist and ankles
- Flat bones : bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis and skull
- Irregular bones : bones of vertebrae and face
- Sesamoid bones : round bones that are found near joints (patella)
- Ligament :a flexible band of fibrous tissue and that connects bone to bone
- Synovial membrane :membrane lining the capsule of a joint
- Synovial fluid :lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
- Smooth muscle :involuntary muscle found in internal organs
- Tendon :a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms
Word Meaning
- Arthralgia: joint pain
- Atrophy shrinking of muscle size
- Hypertrophy increase in the size of a muscle
- Myalgia muscle pain
- Ostealgia bone pain
- Arthritis Inflammation in the joints
- Chondromalacia Softening of cartilage
- Myoma muscle tumor
- Osteomalacia: disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
- Amputation to cut around, partial or complete removal of limb
- Arthrocentesis puncture for aspiration of a joint
- Arthrodesis binding of joint
- Bone grafting transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another
- Arthroscopy Visualization of the joint
- ORIF Open reduction internal fixation
- Osteoplasty Surgical repair of bone
